Beschrijving
‘Tea in health and disease prevention’ is een academische boek van ruim 1600 pagina’s zouden wij graag aanbieden. Helaas lijkt het momenteel alleen 2e hands beschikbaar te zijn. Een alternatief is de digitale versie die voor € 168,95 verkrijgbaar is bij uitgeverij Elseviers.
Hieronder een gedetailleerd overzicht van de inhoud van dit belangrijke boek:
- DedicationPrefaceContributors
Section 1: Tea, Tea Drinking and Varieties
Chapter 1. The Tea Plants: Botanical Aspects
Introduction
Classification in Camellia
Methods of Distinguishing Types of Tea
Morphological Traits
Cytological Markers
Chemical/Biochemical Traits
Molecular Markers
Others
Summary Points
References
Chapter 2. Green Tea: The Plants, Processing, Manufacturing and Production
Introduction
The Plants: Botanical Classification and Distribution
Cultivation
Tea Harvest: Plucking and Seasons
Processing
Chemistry and Biochemical Changes During Green Tea Processing
Storage, Preparation and Flavor
Global Green Tea Production
Summary Points
References
Further Readings
Chapter 3. White Tea: The Plants, Processing, Manufacturing, and Potential Health Benefits
Introduction
Historical Perspectives
Processing and Manufacturing of White Tea
Varieties of White Tea
Health Benefits of White Tea
Summary Points
References
Further reading
Chapter 4. Black Tea: The Plants, Processing/Manufacturing and Production
Introduction
The Tea Plant
Processing/Manufacturing
Production
Summary Points
References
Chapter 5. Pu-erh Tea: Botany, Production, and Chemistry
Introduction
Botany and Biogeography
Production and Preparation
Chemistry and Health
Summary Points
References
Chapter 6. Tea Flavanols: An Overview
Introduction
Photosynthesis
Biosynthesis of Flavanols
Flavanols
Tea
Why are there Flavanols in Camellia sinensis and not in Aspalathus Linearis?
Summary Points
References
Chapter 7. Analysis of Antioxidant Compounds in Different Types of Tea
Abbreviations
Introduction
Determination of Antioxidant Activity of Tea
Identification and Determination of Antioxidant Compounds in Tea
Summary Points
Acknowledgments
References
Further Readings
Chapter 8. Cultivar Type and Antioxidant Potency of Tea Product
Introduction
Types of Tea Product
Chemical Composition of Tea
Methods of Assaying Antioxidative Capacity
Antioxidant Properties of Tea
Cultivar Type and Antioxidant Activity
Summary Points
References
Chapter 9. Objective Evaluation of the Taste Intensity of Tea by Taste Sensors
Introduction
Mechanism of the Lipid/Polymer Membrane-Type Taste Sensor
Evaluation Method for Tea Taste Intensity by a Lipid/Polymer Membrane-Type Taste Sensor System
Toward the Creation of a Taste Sensor System with a Receptor Function
Summary Points
References
Chapter 10. Green Tea (Cv. Benifuuki) Powder and Catechins Availability
Introduction
Bioavailability of Benifuuki Green Tea Infusion and Anti-Allergic Activity of the Tea in Humans
Pharmacokinetics of Plasma Catechins after the Intragastric Administration of Benifuuki Green Tea in Rats
Absorption of Catechins after Intragastric Administration in Rats
The AUC of Catechins after Oral Administration in Humans
Consumption and Usage of Green Tea Powder in Japan
Summary Points
References
Section 2: Miscellaneous Teas and Tea Types: Non-Camellia sinensis
Chapter 11. Herbal Teas: A Focus on Antioxidant Properties
Introduction
Summary points
References
Chapter 12. Honeybush Tea (Cyclopia sp.): A Traditional South-African Tisane
Introduction
Botanical Characteristics and Cultivation
Honeybush Tea Manufacture
Traditional and Modern Use
Chemical Composition and Quality Control
Antioxidant Properties and Biological Effects
Summary Points
References
Chapter 13. Mate Tea: From the Camp to the Bench
Introduction
Tea from I. paraguariensis
Popular Culture Associated with the Consumption of I. paraguariensis
Regional Consumption of I. paraguariensis
Biochemical Characterization of I. paraguariensis
Biological Effects of I. paraguariensis Consumption
Summary Points
References
Chapter 14. In Vitro Antioxidant Properties of Mediterranean Herbs and their Bioactivity
Introduction
In vitro antioxidant properties of selected Mediterranean herbal infusions
Bioactivity of Pelargonium purpureum aqueous extract
Summary points
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 15. Bush Tea as a Herbal Beverage and Medicinal Plant in South Africa
Introduction
The Bush Tea Plant
Distribution of Bush Tea
Traditional Uses of Bush Tea
Potential of Bush Tea as a Health Beverage
Summary Points
References
Section 3: Manufacturing and Processing
Chapter 16. Tea Processing and its Impact on Catechins, Theaflavin and Thearubigin Formation
Introduction
The chemistry and benefits of green tea
Tea processing
Impact of tea processing on catechins, theaflavin and thearubigin formation
Conclusion
Summary points
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 17. Tea Processing and Carotenoids
Introduction
Variation in Carotenoid Level between Tea Cultivars and Growing Seasons
Changes in Carotenoid Level during Processing for Various Teas
Variation in Carotenoid Level between Various Kinds of Tea
Summary Points
References
Chapter 18. Effect of Far-Infrared Irradiation on Catechin Contents of Green Tea
Introduction
Effect of FIR Irradiation on Green Tea Leaves
Application of Far-Infrared Irradiation in the Manufacturing Process of Green Tea
Effect of AN FIR Heater on the Characteristics of Green Tea during Processing
Summary Points
References
Section 4: Compositional and Nutritional Aspects
Chapter 19. Structure and Bioactivities of Polysaccharides in Tea: Applications in Diabetes, Hyperlipidemia, Coagulation, Thrombosis, Immunology, Oxidative Stress, Radiation and Bacterial Adhesion
Abbreviations
Introduction
Extraction and Isolation Methods
Chemical Composition
Structure and Conformational Analysis
Biological Activity
Toxicity of TPS
Summary Points
References
Chapter 20. An Overview of the Physicochemical and Bioactive Properties of Novel Tea Polysaccharide Conjugates
Abbreviations
Introduction
Chemical Composition of TPC
Analysis of the Physicochemical Properties of Crude and Purified Tea Polysaccharide Conjugates
Thermal Stability of Tea Polysaccharide Conjugate Fractions
Suppression of Diabetes in Non-Obese Diabetic (NOD) Mice by Oral Administration of Water-Soluble and Alkali-Soluble Tea Polysaccharide Conjugates
Protecting Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells against Impairments Triggered by High Glucose
Conclusions and Further Research
Summary Points
References
Chapter 21. Green Tea Dietary Supplements: Current Issues and Analysis Methods
Abbreviations
Introduction
Investigations of the Quality Control of GTDS
Conclusions
Summary Points
References
Chapter 22. Trace Elements in Tea (Camellia sinensis) and their Bioavailability
Abbreviations
Introduction
Trace Elements in Tea
Bioavailability of Trace Elements from Tea Consumption
Summary Points
References
Chapter 23. Tea and Iron Metabolism
Introduction
Iron
Metabolic Studies
Tea and Iron Status
Conclusions (Box 3)
Summary Points
References
Chapter 24. Manganese Nutrition and Tea Consumption
Introduction
Manganese – The Element
Manganese and Tea
Summary
Summary Points
References
Chapter 25. Vitamin K in Green Tea Leaves
Introduction
Characterization of vitamin K
Sources of vitamin K
Effects of vitamin K
Analysis of vitamin K
Summary points
References
Chapter 26. Odor and Flavor Volatiles of Different Types of Tea
Introduction
Odor and Flavor Volatile Components of Teas
Summary Points
References
Chapter 27. Chromatographic Development, Validation and Data Handling of Tea Fingerprints
Introduction
Development of Fingerprints
Validation of Fingerprints
Data Handling of Fingerprints
Concluding Summary
Summary Points
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 28. Steeping Time and Temperature on the Content of the Main Flavanols in Green Tea
Introduction
Amount of Tea Leaves
Leaf Size
Steeping Time
Temperature
Additives
Summary points
References
Chapter 29. Chemistry and Biology of the Black Tea Thearubigins and of Tea Fermentation
Introduction
What are Thearubigins?
Basics of Tea Fermentation Chemistry
Analysis and Characterization of Thearubigins
Structural Model for the Thearubigins: Oxidative Cascade Hypothesis
Confirmation of the Oxidative Cascade Hypothesis
Consequences of the Oxidative Cascade Hypothesis
Quantification of Thearubigins
Biological Activities of Thearubigins
Conclusion
Summary Points
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 30. Bioactive Phytophenolics and Antioxidant Functions of Aqueous and Organic Tea Extracts
Introduction
Antioxidant Effectiveness of Tea Extracts and Their Main Antioxidant Phytophenolics
Extraction Systems and Antioxidant Effectiveness
Structure–Activity Relationship
Conclusion
Summary Points
References
Chapter 31. Formation of Damascenone and its Related Compounds from Carotenoids in Tea
Introduction
Formation of Damascenone from the 9’-Cis-epoxycarotenoids
Formation of Damascenone During the Tea Manufacturing Process
Formation of Damascenone During the Production of Tea Drinks or Infusions from Processed Tea Leaves
Glycosidically Bound Precursors of Damascenone in Teas and their Hydrolysis
Putative Functions of Volatile Carotenoid Breakdown Products in Relation to Human Health
Summary Points
References
Chapter 32. Tea Catechins in Tissues: Analysis, Possibilities and Challenges
Introduction: Site-related Analysis
Metabolism Makes Analysis Complicated
Overview of Analytical Steps
Summary Points
References
Chapter 33. Intestinal Absorption and Disposition of Green Tea Catechins: The First Barrier for Green Tea Catechins Entering the Body
Introduction
Overview of the Pharmacokinetics of Green Tea Catechins
Stability of Green Tea Catechins at GI Tract
Intestinal Absorption of Green Tea Catechins
Intestinal Metabolism of Green Tea Catechins
Transport of the Green Tea Catechin Metabolites Formed During Intestinal Absorption
Effect of the Co-Occurring Components from Green Tea on the Intestinal Absorption and Disposition of GTC
Summary Points
References
Chapter 34. Green Tea Flavan-3-ol Bioavailability
Green Tea Contains Very Special Polyphenols
Green Tea Flavonoids are Modified by the Interaction with the Gastrointestinal Tract
The Bioavailability of Green Tea Flavan-3-ols
Conclusions
Summary Points
References
Chapter 35. L-Theanine from Green Tea: Transport and Effects on Health
Introduction
Characteristics of L-Theanine
ADME (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion) of L-Theanine
Physiological Benefits of L-Theanine
Summary Points
References
Chapter 36. Holistic Approaches to Tea Bioactivity: Interactions of Tea and Meal Components Studied In Vitro and In Vivo
Abbreviations
Introduction
Tea Bioavailability and Bioactivity
In vitro and In vivo Approaches
Interactions Between Tea Components and Dietary Iron
Interactions between Tea Components and Dietary Proteins
Interactions Between Tea Components and Dietary Fat and Carbohydrates
Summary Points
References
Chapter 37. Gallic Acid in Old Oolong Tea
Abbreviations
Introduction
Production of New and Old Oolong Tea
Polyphenols and Gallic Acid in Oolong Tea and their Biological Functions
Determination of the Accumulation of Gallic Acid in Old Oolong Tea
Characterization of the Release of Gallic Acid in Old Oolong Tea by Multiple-Stage Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Conclusion
Summary Points
References
Chapter 38. Tea and Starch Digestibility
Abbreviations
Introduction
Assays for Measuring Starch Hydrolase Inhibition of Tea
Inhibition Activity of Tea on Saliva α-AMYLASE
Tea and Pancreatic α-AMYLASE and α-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITION
Incorporation of Tea Extracts into Starchy Food System for Regulating Starch Digestion
Summary Points
References
Chapter 39. Electronic Tongue for Tea Tasting
Abbreviations
Introduction
Fluorometry for Amino Acids and Tannins
Development of a Hand-Held Fluorometer as the Electronic Tongue
Experimental
Theanine and Tannic Acid Determination
Tea Quality Assessment
Summary Points
References
Chapter 40. Green Tea and Protein Availability
Abbreviations
Introduction
Effects of Green Tea Polyphenols on the Activities of Proteolytic Enzymes
Effects of Green Tea Polyphenols on Protein Availability
Conclusions
Summary Points
References
Section 5: General Protective Aspects of Tea-Related Compounds
Chapter 41. Review of the Clinical Evidence on Tea Consumption and Weight Loss
Abbreviations
Introduction
Background
Interventions and Outcomes
Discussion of Moderators
Conclusion
Summary Points
References
Further Readings
Chapter 42. Oolong Tea and Weight Loss
Abbreviations
Introduction
Anti-Obesity Effects of Oolong Tea in Human Studies
Anti-Obesity Effects of Oolong Tea in Laboratory Studies
Active Components of Oolong Tea in Obesity Reduction
Anti-Obesity Mechanisms of Oolong Tea
Comparison of the Anti-Obesity Effects of Oolong Tea and Green Tea
Conclusion
Summary Points
References
Further Reading
Chapter 43. Antioxidant Functions of Green and Black Tea
Introduction
Antioxidant Functions of Tea in Human Studies
Oxidative Damage Biomarkers
Discussion
Summary Points
Acknowledgments
References
Further Reading
Chapter 44. Tea and Liver Antioxidant Capabilities in Ethanol Toxicity
Introduction
Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) During Ethanol Metabolism
Tea Leaves as a Source of Antioxidants
Tea and its Oxidative Action in the Liver
Summary Points
References
Chapter 45. Antimutagenic Activities of Tea and its Polyphenols in Bacterial Test Systems
Introduction
Detection of Antimutagenicity by the Ames Test
Antimutagenic Effect of Green Tea and its Polyphenols
Antimutagenic Effect of Black Tea and its Polyphenols
Comparison of the Antimutagenic Effects of Green and Black Tea and Their Polyphenols
The Mechanism of Antimutagenicity
Conclusion
Summary Points
References
Chapter 46. The Modulating Influence of Tea Polyphenols on Estrogen Metabolism in Asian and Caucasian Populations: Breast Cancer Prevention
Introduction
Tea Polyphenols in Reducing the E2 Production: Aromatase
Modifying Ability of TPh on the Hydroxylation Step in the Estrogen Pathway and their Antioxidant Ability
Breast Cancer Incidence in European versus Asian Populations
Benefits of an Evolutionary Adaptation Due to a Catechol-Containing Diet in Asia – COMT Polymorphism
Summary Points
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 47. Tea and Inflammation
Abbreviations
Introduction
Inflammatory Pathways
Inflammation-related Diseases/Markers
Teas as Anti-inflammatory Agents
Summary Points
References
Chapter 48. Tea and Sepsis: Effects on Inflammatory Cytokines
Introduction
Pathogenesis of Sepsis
EGCG Inhibits Endotoxin-induced Cytokine Release
EGCG Inhibits HMGB1-induced Cytokine Release
EGCG Protects Against Lethal Endotoxemia and Sepsis
Summary Points
Acknowledgments
Competing Financial Interests
References
Chapter 49. Green Tea and Protection against Helicobacter Infection
Helicobacter Infection – Clinical Implications
Association of Helicobacter Infection Rates with Disease Progression in Society Based on Dietary Habits
Associations Specifically with Green Tea
Green Tea is Bacteriostatic against H. pylori and H. felis
Summary Points
References
Chapter 50. Black Tea (Camellia sinensis) and Bone Loss Protection
Introduction
Tea Drinking and Bone
Animal Studies on Black Tea and Bone
Summary Points
References
Chapter 51. Green Tea and Bone Health Promotion: Bone Mass and Microarchitecture
Abbreviations
Introduction
Green Tea and Bone Tissues: Bone Turnover Biomarkers, Mass, Microstructure, and Quality
Aging- and Aging-Plus-Ovariectomy-Induced Bone Loss
Aging- and Aging-Plus-Orchidectomy-Induced Bone Loss
Chronic Inflammation-Induced Bone Loss
Green Tea and Osteoblastogenesis: Evidence from In Vitro Studies
Green Tea and Osteoclastogenesis: Evidence from In Vitro Studies
Summary Points
References
Chapter 52. Protective Effect of Green Tea Extract on Gentamicin- and Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity
Abbreviations
Introduction
Effect of GT on GM- and CP-Induced Nephrotoxicity Parameters in Serum
Effect of GT on GM-/CP-Induced Alterations on BBM and Lysosomal Biomarkers in Renal Tissues and Na-Dependent Transport of Pi
The Effect of GT on GM-/CP-Induced Alterations of Carbohydrate Metabolism Enzymes in Renal Tissues
Effect of GT on GM-/CP-Induced Oxidative Stress
Summary and Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 53. Black Tea and Prevention of Cigarette Smoke-Induced Lung Damage
Introduction
Black Tea Prevents Cigarette Smoke-Induced Oxidative Modification of Proteins
Black Tea Prevents Oxidative Degradation of Lung Proteins of Guinea Pigs Exposed to Cigarette Smoke
Black Tea Prevents Cigarette Smoke-Induced Apoptosis in the Guinea Pig Lung In Vivo
Black Tea Prevents Cigarette Smoke-Induced Lung Damage
Summary Points
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 54. The Protective Effect of Green Tea Against Experimentally Induced Lung Fibrosis in Rats
Introduction
Rat Studies
The Role of Green Tea in Paraquat-Induced Lung Fibrosis
Summary Points
References
Chapter 55. Tea and Diabetes: The Laboratory and the Real World
Introduction
The Claims
The Active Compounds
The Studies
Conclusions
Summary Points
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 56. Green Tea Consumption and Diabetes
Introduction
Green Tea and Diabetes
Conclusions
Summary Points
References
Chapter 57. Green Tea Catechins Inhibit Glycerol-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase
Introduction
GTCs Regulate GPDH Gene Expression in Animal Systems
GTCs Regulate GPDH Activity and Gene Expression in Adipocytes
GTCs Regulate GPDH Activity in Cell-Free Systems
Summary Points
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 58. Green Tea and Neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s Disease
Introduction
Green Tea Catechins as the Major Component in Green Tea
Pathogenesis of AD at a Glance
How Green Tea Protects the Brain from Neurodegeneration in AD
Summary Points
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 59. Green Tea: Potential Benefits in Shock Disease
Abbreviations
Introduction
Shock
In Vivo Study
Conclusion and Future Prospects
Summary Points
References
Further Reading
Chapter 60. Tea Catechins and Endurance
Abbreviations
Introduction
Endurance-Improving Effects of Tea Catechins (GTE) in BALB/C Mice
Inhibitory Action of Tea Catechins on the Aging-Associated Decline in Physical Performance in Senescence-Accelerated Mice
Endurance-Improving Effects of Tea Catechins (GTE) in MDX Mice
Possible Mechanisms for the Endurance-Improving Effects of Tea Catechins (GTE)
Conclusions
Summary Points
References
Chapter 61. Tea and Metabolomics: Consequences of Tea Intake for the Human Metabolome
Abbreviations
Introduction
Methodology
Tea Intake and Metabolomics: Exogenous Markers
Tea Intake and Metabolomics: Endogenous Markers
Concluding Remarks
Summary Points
References
Chapter 62. Cancer Chemoprevention by Black Tea Polyphenols: Emerging Evidence and Molecular Targets
Abbreviations
Introduction
Black Tea Constituents
Anti-Cancer Effects
Molecular Mechanisms of the Anti-cancer Effects of Black Tea Polyphenols
Epigenetics
Combination Chemoprevention
Summary Points
References
Chapter 63. Molecular Aspects of Cancer Prevention by Green Tea: An Overview
Abbreviations
Introduction
Cancer in General
Rationale for Cancer Prevention
Molecular Targets of Green Tea
Targets of Green Tea in Human Trials
Future Directions
Summary Points
References
Chapter 64. Protective Aspects of Tea and Prostate Cancer: Emerging Evidence
Introduction
Literature Search
Epidemiological Evidence (1986–2000)
Epidemiological Evidence (2001–present)
Limitations
Clinical Evidence
Biological Mechanisms
Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Summary Points
References
Chapter 65. Vitamin C, Lysine, Proline, Quercetin and Other Natural Components Significantly Enhance Anticancer Effects of Green Tea
Abbreviations
Introduction
Defining Active Compounds
Micronutrient Synergy Enhances Bioavailability of Epigallocatechin Gallate
Micronutrient Synergy Enhances Anticancer Effects of Green Tea Extract In Vivo
Micronutrient Synergy Enhances Green Tea Extract Inhibitory Effects on MMP Expression
Micronutrient Synergy Enhances Anti-Invasiveness Effects of Green Tea through ECM-Mediated Effects
Micronutrient Synergy Enhances Anticancer Effects of Green Tea Extract In Fibrosarcoma Cells In Vitro
Synergistic Antitumor Effects of NM on Fibrosarcoma In Vivo
NM Enhances Anticancer Effects of EGCG in Cervical Cancer
Micronutrient Synergy Enhances EGCG Pro-Apoptotic Effects in Leukemia Cells
Summary points
References
Further Reading
Chapter 66. Effect of Green Tea Extract on Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Introduction
Effects of GTE on Tumor Growth, Proliferation, and Hepatocarcinogenesis
Effect of GTE on Apoptosis in HCC Cells
Effect of GTE on Cell Cycle Arrest in HCC
Effect of GTE on Oxidative Stress in HCC
Effect of GTE on Angiogenesis in HCC
Effect of GTE on Migration, Invasion, and Metastasis of HCC
Effect of GTE on Drug Resistance Against HCC
Conclusion
Summary Points
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 67. The Effect of Tea Polyphenols on Microsatellite Instability in Colorectal Cancer
Introduction
Mechanism and Clinical Significance of MSI in Colorectal Cancer
Epigenetics of Mismatch Repair Gene Deficiency
Tea Polyphenols for MSI Colorectal Cancer
Summary Points
References
Chapter 68. Effect of Green Tea on Nitrosamines: Implications for Cancer
Abbreviations
Introduction
Inhibitory Effects of Green Tea Components on the Formation of Nitrosamines
Inhibitory Effect of Green Tea and Catechins on the Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity of Nitrosamines
Summary Points
References
Chapter 69. MicroRNA, Breast Cancer and Green Tea Polyphenon-60
Abbreviations
MICRORNAS
Green Tea, Polyphenon-60 and Breast Cancers
MICRORNAS Associated With Breast Cancers
MICRORNAS and Green Tea Polyphenols
Summary Points
References
Chapter 70. The Role of Individual Tea Compounds in Cardiovascular Protective Effects of Green and Black Tea
Abbreviations
Introduction
In vitro studies
Animal studies
Human studies
Perspectives
Summary points
References
Chapter 71. Molecular and Cellular Targets Affected by Green Tea Extracts in Vascular Cells
Abbreviations
Introduction
Several Key Events Involved in Atherosclerosis are Affected by EGCG
Molecular and Cellular Activities of EGCG
Modulation of Signal Transduction and Gene Expression by EGCG
Conclusions
Summary Points
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 72. Effects of Green Tea Polyphenols under Hyperlipidemic Conditions through their Anti-Angiogenic Activity
Abbreviations
Introduction
From Vasculogenesis to Angiogenesis
Hyperlipidemia-Induced Atherosclerosis and the Role of Angiogenesis
The Role of Angiogenesis in Adipose Tissue Development
Green Tea and Angiogenesis
Action of Synthetic Analogs
The Use of Mouse Models in Angiogenesis and Green Tea Intervention
Possible Complications
Conclusion
Summary Points
References
Chapter 73. In Vitro Studies on the Responses of Healthy and Cancerous Cells Derived from Tissues of the Human Oral Cavity to Tea Theaflavins and Catechins
Introduction
Theaflavins
Catechins
Cancerous versus Normal Cells
Summary Points
References
Chapter 74. Black Tea Theaflavins and Gastric Ulcer Prevention
Introduction
Tea as a Remedy for Gastric Ulcers: Previous Studies
Black Tea, a Potential Anti-Ulcer Formulation: Present Studies
Summary Points
References
Chapter 75. Effect of Green Tea on Liver Function: Carbohydrate and Lipid Management, Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes and Hepatoprotection
Introduction
Green Tea
Effect on Carbohydrate and Lipid Management
Effect on Liver Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes
The Hepatoprotective Effect of Green Tea
Conclusion
Summary Points
References
Chapter 76. Green Tea Extract in the Management of Hepatic Fibrosis
Introduction
Polyphenols and Clinical Experience
Experimental Evidence for Hepatic Anti-Fibrotic Effects of Green Tea Extract
Summary Points
References
Chapter 77. Effects of Green Tea Extract on Gene Expression in Human Hepatoma (HepG2) and Tongue Carcinoma (Cal-27) Cells
Abbreviations
Introduction
DNA Array Analysis of Gene Induction by GTE in HepG2 Cells
Molecular Mechanism for Anti-Oxidant Gene Induction
The Anti-Oxidant/Electrophile Response Element
Genes Involved in Apoptosis
Summary Points
References
Chapter 78. Green Tea Polyphenols and Skin Protection: An Overview
Abbreviations
Introduction to Green Tea
Ultraviolet Light and Skin Damage
Green Tea Polyphenols and Skin Photo-Protection
Conclusion
References
Chapter 79. Effect of Green Tea Compounds on Neutral Endopeptidase Activity in Cultivated Brain Cells
Abbreviations
Introduction
Summary Points
References
Chapter 80. Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Protective Effects of Green Tea Consumption
Abbreviations
Introduction
Green Tea Consumption and SAH Risk: An Epidemiological Approach
Protective Implication of Green Tea Consumption
Protective Role of Green Tea Consumption against the Development of SAH
Summary Points
References
Section 6: Focused Areas, Specific Tea Components and Effects on Tissue and Organ Systems
Chapter 81. Metabolic Fate of Green Tea Catechins in Humans
Introduction
In vitro Drug Metabolism
In vitro Microbial Metabolism
In vivo Drug and Microbial Metabolism in Humans
Summary
References
Chapter 82. Drug Interactions with Green Tea Catechins in Humans
Introduction
Pharmacokinetics of Individual Catechins and their Metabolites in Humans
Pharmacokinetics of Mixed Catechins and Their Metabolites in Humans
Drug–Drug Interactions within Mixed Catechins in Humans
Drug–drug Interactions with CYP Substrates, Drugs and Food in Humans
Green Tea and Its Metabolites in Patients
Summary Points
References
Chapter 83. Differences in the Tissue Distribution of Green Tea Compared to Black Tea Polyphenols
Introduction
Bioavailability and Metabolism of Tea Polyphenols
Mouse and Rat Studies
Black Tea Compared to Green Tea
Transdermal Application of Green Tea
Concentration of Green Tea Polyphenols in the Eye
Human Intervention Studies
Intestinal Metabolites of Tea Polyphenols
Summary of Bioavailability Studies
Summary Points
References
Chapter 84. Anti-Obesity Effect of Tea Catechins in Combination with Exercise
Introduction
Anti-Obesity Effect of Tea Catechins
Combined Effects of Tea Catechin Consumption and Regular Exercise on Obesity
Conclusions
Summary Points
References
Chapter 85. Protective Effects of Green Tea in Metabolic Syndrome
Introduction
Green Tea Composition
Green Tea and Metabolic Syndrome: Epidemiological Observations and Clinical (Interventional) Studies
Green Tea and Metabolic Syndrome: Mechanisms of Action
Conclusions and Recommendations
Summary Points
References
Chapter 86. Green Tea and Control of Glutamate Dehydrogenase Activity
Abbreviations
Introduction
The Structure of Mammalian GDH
HHS: the Link Between GDH and Insulin Homeostasis
Inhibition of GDH-Mediated Insulin Secretion by Polyphenols
Other Possible Applications for EGCG Inhibition of GDH
Future Pharmaceutical Application of EGCG as a GDH Inhibitor
Summary Points
References
Chapter 87. Pharmacokinetics of Green Tea Catechins in Maternal and Fetal Body Compartments
Abbreviations
Introduction
Maternal Pharmacokinetics
Gestational transfer
Fetal distributions
Potential applications
Summary Points
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 88. Effect of Green Tea (−)-Epigallocatechin Gallate on Adipocytes: Signaling Effects
Abbreviations
Introduction
EGCG Signaling in Inhibiting fat Cell Growth
EGCG Signaling in Inducing Fat Cell Apoptosis
EGCG Signaling in Inhibiting Fat Cell Adipogenesis and Differentiation
EGCG Signaling in Stimulating Fat Cell Metabolism
EGCG Signaling in Altering Adipocyte Endocrine Activity
Summary Points
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 89. Modulation of Pattern Recognition Receptor-Mediated Signaling Pathways by Green Tea Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate
Abbreviations
Introduction
Pattern-Recognition Receptors
Inhibition of PRR Activation by EGCG
EGCG Targets in PRR Signaling Pathways
Other Cellular Targets of EGCG and Possible Relationship with PRR Inhibition
The Regulation of PRR Signaling by Other Components in Tea
Summary Points
References
Chapter 90. Caffeine and Insulin-Independent Glucose Transport
Abbreviations
Introduction
Glucose Transport in Skeletal Muscle
Effect of Caffeine on Glucose Transport
CaMK and Caffeine-Stimulated Glucose Transport
AMPK and Insulin-Independent Glucose Transport
AMPK and Caffeine-Stimulated Glucose Transport
Caffeine and Upstream Kinases of AMPK
Caffeine and T2DM
Conclusions
Summary points
References
Chapter 91. (−)-Epigallocatechin 3-O-Gallate (EGCG) and Kidney Interstitial Fibroblasts
Abbreviations
Introduction
Effects of EGCG in Kidney Interstitial Cells In Vitro
Effects of EGCG in Nephropathic Models
Effects on Other Renal Cells In Vitro
Conclusion
Summary Points
References
Chapter 92. Caffeine-Mediated ERK Phosphorylation in the Rat Brain
Abbreviations
Introduction
Why Study ERK Phosphorylation?
Effects of Caffeine on ERK Phosphorylation in Cortical Regions
Effects of Caffeine on ERK Phosphorylation in Dopaminergic Mesolimbic Areas
Caffeine, ERK and Synaptic Plasticity
Summary Points
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 93. Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) from Green Tea (Camellia sinensis) and Other Natural Products Mediate Stress Resistance and Slows Down Aging Processes in Caenorhabditis elegans
Abbreviations
Introduction
Epigallocatechin Gallate and Other Tea Polyphenols Act As Multi-Target Drugs
Caenorhabditis Elegans as a Model System for Pharmacological and Nutritional Studies
Understanding and Preventing Aging Processes
Stress and Aging
Natural Products from Green Tea Promote Longevity and Stress Tolerance in C. Elegans
Other Longevity-Promoting Polyphenols and Medicinal Plants
Alzheimer’s and Other Neurodegenerative Diseases
Outlook
Summary Points
References
Chapter 94. Chinese Tea and Telomere Length in Elderly Chinese Men
Abbreviations
Introduction
Global Trends in Tea Production and Consumption
Telomere Length as Biological Marker of Aging
Effect of Tea and its Constituent Nutrients on Telomere Length
Tea Consumption and Telomere Length in Elderly Chinese Men
Tea Consumption, Healthy Lifestyle, and Telomere Length
Conclusion
Summary Points
References
Chapter 95. Human Prostate Cancer Prevention by Green Tea Catechins: Clinical Trial and Putative Molecular Mechanisms of Action
Introduction
PSA Era: Therapeutic Options and the Risk of Over-Treatment
Prevention of CaP
Catechins from Green Tea
Pre Clinical Studies in Our Laboratory
A Proof-of-Principle Clinical Trial Showed the Anti-Cancer Efficacy of GTE in Humans
Putative Molecular Mechanisms of GTE Action
Gene Profiling of Responsive and Resistant GTE-Treated CaPs in the TRAMP Model
Chemoprevention of CaP with GTE: Conclusions
Summary Points
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 96. Effect of Green Tea Catechins on Intracellular Signaling in Breast Tissue: Implications for Cancer
Introduction
Epidemiological Evidence
Growth Factor and Growth Factor Receptors
Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Regulation
Motility and Invasion
Potential Mechanism of Action
Clinical Application
Combinatorial Treatment
Conclusions
Summary Points
References
Chapter 97. Caffeine, Cyclin D1 and Cell Proliferation
Introduction
Effect of Caffeine on G1-S-Phase Cell Cycle Progression
Regulation of G1-S-Phase Progression
Effect of Caffeine on CDK4/6 Activity
Mechanisms of Caffeine-Induced Akt Signaling Pathway Inhibition
Caffeine as an Anti-Cancer Agent
Summary Points
References
Chapter 98. Synthetic Analogs of (−)-Epigallocatechin-Gallate: Bioavailability and Molecular Mechanisms of Action
Abbreviations
Introduction
Green Tea Polyphenol (−)-EGCG
Synthetic EGCG Analogs and Pro-Drug Forms of EGCG
Pre-Clinical Studies of Tea Polyphenol (−)-EGCG and its Analogs/Pro-Drugs
Clinical Studies of Green Tea Polyphenols
Conclusion
Summary Points
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 99. Anti-Influenza Viral Activity of Catechins and Derivatives
Introduction
Influenza
Anti-Influenza Effects Of Green Tea Catechins and Derivatives In Vitro
Clinical studies on catechins in influenza prevention
Conclusion
Summary Points
References
Chapter 100. Antibacterial – Acinetobacter baumannii – Activity of Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG)
Introduction
(−)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate
Anti-Pathogenic Properties of EGCG
Action of EGCG against Acinetobacter baumannii
Potential Applications of EGCG against A. baumannii
Conclusions
Summary Points
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 101. Tea Catechins and Staphylococcus aureus
Introduction
Antibiotic Resistance of S. aureus
Effects of Tea Catechins on S. aureus
Clinical Evidence for the Effects of Tea Catechins on S. aureus
Summary Points
References
Chapter 102. (−)-Epicatechin 3-(3″-O-Methylgallate) and (+)-Catechin 3-(3″-O-Methylgallate), and their Anti-Inflammatory Activity
Abbreviations
Introduction
Isolation and Determination of the Structure of ECG3″Me (1)
Chemical Synthesis of ECG3″Me (1) and its Analogs
Biological Activities of ECG3″Me (1) and Structure–Activity Relationships
Conclusion
Summary Points
References
Chapter 103. Effect of Epigallocatechin Gallate on Markers of Inflammation
Introduction
Chemical Properties of Green Tea and Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate
Inflammatory Markers
Putative Mechanisms Governing the Anti-Inflammatory Effect of EGCG
Efficacy of GTCS and EGCG in Inflammatory Conditions Related to Cardiovascular Diseases
Effects of EGCG on Inflammatory Markers in Humans
Summary Points
References
Chapter 104. Molecular Basis for Down-Regulation of the Inflammatory Responses by Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate in Macrophages
Abbreviations
Introduction
Effects of EGCG on Regulation of TLR-Mediated Immune Responses
Anti-Inflammatory Action of EGCG Through the Cell-Surface EGCG-Sensing Molecule
Conclusion
Summary Points
References
Chapter 105. Green Tea and its Main Catechin, Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate, Provide Parasitic Protection
Abbreviations
Introduction
Malaria
Babesiosis
Toxoplasmosis
Avian coccidiosis
Trypanosomosis
Leishmaniasis
Helminthes
The Parasites of Fish
Green Tea Extract as a Molluscicide
Summary points
References
Chapter 106. Effects of Tea Catechins on Cardiac Allografts
Introduction
Effects of Tea Catechins on Cardiac Allografts in an Experimental Model
Discussion
Summary Points
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 107. Maternal Caffeine Exposure on Fetal Cardiovascular Function and Growth
Introduction
Effect of Maternal Caffeine Exposure on Fetal CV Function and Growth
Ex vivo and in vitro Caffeine Effects on Fetal Blood Pressure and Myocardial Contraction
Maternal Caffeine Exposure and Adenosine Receptor Function
Effects of Maternal Caffeine Exposure under Maternal Hypoxia
Implication of the Results of the Mouse Model of Maternal Caffeine Exposure
Summary Points
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 108. Green Tea (−)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate and its Effects on Pancreatic Stellate Cells
Introduction
Pancreatic Stellate Cells (PSCs)
Activation of PSCs
Effect of EGCG on PSCs
Effect of EGCG on PSCs in vivo
Clinical Implications of EGCG in Pancreatic Fibrosis
Summary Points
References
Chapter 109. Effect of Green Tea Extract and Tea Polyphenols Against Antibiotic-, Anti-Cancer Drug- and Immunosuppressant Agent-Induced Nephrotoxicity: A Focus on Cyclosporine A and Tacrolimus
Introduction
Cyclosporine A
Tacrolimus
Conclusions
Summary Points
References
Chapter 110. Biological Effects of Green Tea Catechins in Ocular Tissue Cells
Introduction
Physiological Effects of Catechins
Toxicity
Ocular Disorders
Effects of Catechins on Ocular Tissue Cells
Further Green Tea Extract Studies on Ocular Tissues
Prospects
Summary points
References
Section 7: Behavior and Brain
Chapter 111. Tea and the Cognitive Function of Elderly People: Evidence From Neurobiology and Epidemiology
Introduction
Neuroprotective Effects of Tea: Evidence from Neurobiology
Tea and the Cognitive Function of Elderly People: Evidence from Epidemiology
Future Research
Summary Points
References
Chapter 112. Green Tea and Protection of the Brain Against Aging: Structural Aspects
Introduction
Vulnerability of the Brain
The Lysosomal Compartment and the Genesis of Lipofuscin
The Role of Mitochondria in Aging
Green Tea as a Nutraceutical
The Actions of Green Tea Catechins
Aging and the Hippocampal Formation
Green Tea and the Lysosomal Compartment in the Hippocampus
Green Tea and Mitochondria
Green Tea and Neuronal Signaling Systems
Conclusions
Summary points
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 113. Behavioral Pharmacology of Caffeine
Introduction
Pharmacokinetics of Caffeine
Molecular Targets for the Central Effects of Caffeine
Behavioral Pharmacology: Studies in Humans
Behavioral Pharmacology: Studies in Animals
Abuse Potential of Caffeine
Summary Points
References
Chapter 114. Effect of Green Tea Catechins on Cognitive Learning Ability and Dementia
Introduction
Green Tea Catechins
Green Tea and Cognition
Possible Mechanisms of Green Tea Catechin-Induced Cognitive Improvement
Summary Points
References
Further Reading
Chapter 115. Attention Benefits of Tea and Tea Ingredients: A Review of the Research to Date
Introduction
Attention
Cognitive Effects of the Tea Ingredients Caffeine and L-Theanine
Interactions between Caffeine and L-Theanine
Attention Benefits of Tea
Conclusions and Recommendations
Summary Points
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 116. Green Tea and Feeling Depressed: A Promising Challenge
Introduction
Epidemiological Studies
Potential Mechanism Linking Green Tea And Depression
Green Tea and Stress
Further Studies are Necessary
Summary Points
References
Chapter 117. Anxiolytic Properties of the Green Tea Polyphenol (−)-Epigallocatechin Gallate
Introduction
Assessing the Anxiolytic Effect of EGCG in Rodents
Action of EGCG on GABAA receptors
Other Actions of EGCG Contributing to Anxiolysis
Anxiolytic effect of other components of green tea: the case of theanine
Concluding Remarks
Summary Points
References
Chapter 118. Green Tea (−)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate and Amyloid Precursor Protein: Implications for Alzheimer’s Disease
Introduction
Green Tea Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) Reduces Cerebral Amyloidosis in Alzheimer’s Transgenic Mice by Modulating Amyloid Precursor Protein Proteolysis
ADAM10 Activation Is Required for EGCG-Induced α-Secretase Proteolysis of Amyloid Precursor Protein
Fish Oil Enhances Anti-Amyloidogenic Properties of EGCG in Alzheimer’s Transgenic Mice
Summary Points
References
Chapter 119. Nitric Oxide Synthase, Green Tea Catechins and Parkinson’s Disease
Introduction
Does Tea Reduce the Risk of PD?
How Do Green Tea Catechins Protect People from PD?
Summary points
References
Section 8: Adverse Effects of Tea and Tea-Related Products
Chapter 120. Toxicity of Green Tea Polyphenols
Summary Points
References
Chapter 121. Hepatocyte Cytotoxicity of Green Tea Phenolic Acids, Gallates, and Catechins
Introduction
Anti-Oxidant Activity of Polyphenols
Polyphenols and Prevention of Liver Damage
Reactive Carbonyl Scavenging Abilities of Tea Polyphenols: Implications in Diabetes
Polyphenol Iron- or Copper Complex-Mediated Pro-Oxidant Cytotoxicity and Fenton’s
Hepatocyte Cytotoxicity Mechanisms of The Tea Polyphenols EGCG, Propyl Gallate, and Gallic Acid
GSH Thiol Conjugates and EGCG Protein Cysteine Conjugates
In Vivo EGCG Hepatotoxicity Animal Studies
Clinical Studies
In vivo or Hepatocyte-Catalyzed Phase 2 Metabolism and Cytotoxicity of EGCG
Conclusions
Summary Points
References
Further Reading
Chapter 122. Caffeine and Neurotoxicity: Implications for Tea
Introduction
Caffeine Targets in the Brain
Effects of Long-Term Caffeine Exposure on Receptor Binding in the Brain
Effects of Caffeine on Adenosine Receptor Binding in the Brain: Neurodevelopment
Behavioral Effects of Adenosine Receptor Antagonism by Caffeine
Developmental Caffeine Exposure and Consequences on Neurodevelopment and Behavior
In Vitro Caffeine Exposure: Mechanisms of Neurotoxicity and Neuroprotection
Adenosine Receptor Signaling and Caffeine: Neurodegenerative Disorders
Summary Points
References
Chapter 123. Interactions of Tea Tannins with Proteins and Their Impact on Food Quality and Health
Introduction
Techniques for the Analysis of Tannin–Protein Interactions
Tea Tannins, Proline-Rich Proteins and Astringency
Role of Tannin–Protein Interactions in Anti-Oxidant Activity
Therapeutic Implications of Tannin–Protein Interactions
Pro-Oxidant Effects of Tea Tannins on Proteins
Tannin–Protein Interactions and Blood Transport
Technological Significance of Tannin–Protein Interaction
Summary Points
References
Chapter 124. Diversity of Pesticides in Tea
Introduction
The Need to Introduce Plant Protection Measures
Pesticide Dynamics
Tactics of Integrated Pest Management
Residues and Persistence of Some Pesticides in Made Tea and Infusions
Regulation
Analytical methodology
Summary Points
References
Chapter 125. Potential Toxicity of Green Tea Polyphenols in Colitis
Introduction
Overview of Adverse Effects of GTPS
Animal Models of IBD and CRC
Toxicity of GTPS in IBD- and CRC-Model Mice
Conclusion
Summary Points
Acknowledgments
References
Section 9: Comparison of Tea and Coffee in Health and Disease
Chapter 126. Comparison of the Effects of Tea and Coffee on the Risk of Ovarian Cancer
Introduction
Tea and Risk of Ovarian Cancer
Coffee and Risk of Ovarian Cancer
Conclusions
Summary Points
References
Chapter 127. Comparing Tea and Coffee Intake in Relation to Breast Cancer Risk
Introduction
Tea and Coffee Constituents
Tea and Coffee Constituents and Breast Cancer: Evidence From Basic Research
Tea and Coffee Intake and Relation to Breast Cancer: Evidence from Epidemiological Studies
Sources of Inconsistencies between Studies on Black Tea and Coffee In Relation to Breast Cancer
Future Directions
Implications of Tea or Coffee as Etiological Factors in Breast Cancer
Conclusion
Summary Points
References
Chapter 128. Impact of Green Tea and Coffee Consumption on Renal Function
Introduction
Evaluation of Renal Function
Effects of caffeine intake on renal function
Effect of Catechin Intake on Renal Function
Coffee Consumption and Cardiometabolic Risk
Pleiotropic Effects of the Non-Caffeine Components That may be Indirectly Related to Renal Function
Coffee Consumption and eGFR
Underlying Mechanism of Coffee Consumption and Increased eGFR
Summary Points
References
Index